1.1: Understand that living Organisms share the following Characteristics:

LETTER	DESCRIPTION
M - MOVEMENT	All Living Organisms Move
R - RESPIRATION	All Living Organisms will Inhale and Exhale
S - SENSITIVITY	All Living Organisms will Respond to Stimuli
G - GROWTH	All Living Organisms will Grow
R - REPRODUCTION	All Living Organisms will Reproduce
E - EXCRETION	All Living Organisms will Excrete Waste
N - NUTRITION	All Living Organisms Require Nutrition

1.2: Describe the common features shared by organisms within the following main groups: Plants, Animals, Fungi, Bacteria, Proctists and Viruses

GROUPS OF ORGANISMS

PLANTS: Multicellular Organisms Stores Carbohydrates as Starch Cells contain Chloroplasts; carries out           Photosynthesis Cell walls are made of Cellulose Example: Herbaceous Legume

ANIMALS Multicellular Organisms Stores Carbohydrates as Glycogen Cells DO NOT contain Chloroplasts; cannot carry out photosynthesis No Cell walls Nervous Coordination: Can move from one place to another Example: Mammals and Insects

FUNGI Both Multicellular and Unicellular Stores Carbohydrates as Glycogen Cell walls are made of Chitin DO NOT carry out Photosynthesis Organised into a Mycelium: Thread-like structure called Hyphae, which contains many Nuclei They feed by Extracellular Secretion: Releases digestive enzymes onto food and absorb organic products ( saprotrophic nutrition ) Example: Mucor / Yeast

BACTERIA Unicellular Organisms Lack in Nuclei’s so has circular chromosomes of DNA called Plasmids Has Cell wall, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm SOME can carry out Photosynthesis Feeds by eating living or dead living Organisms Example: Lactobacillus Bulgaricus (Yoghurt Production)

PROCTISTS Microscopic Unicellular Organisms Example: Animals: Amoeba                            Plants: Chlorella

VIRSUS Small Particles ( smaller than Bacteria ) Parasitic: can only reproduce in living Organisms They only reproduce infect every type of living Organisms They have a wide variety of shapes and sizes No Cellular structure Has protein coat Contains one type of Nucleic Acid ( RNA or DNA ) Example: Tobacco Mosaic Virus / HIV                            Plants: Chlorella

1.3: Recall the term ‘Pathogen’ and know that Pathogens may be Fungi, Bacteria, Protoctists or Viruses

PATHOGENS: Micro-organisms that causes Diseases

COMMON PATHOGENS

FUNGI Both Multicellular and Unicellular Stores Carbohydrates as Glycogen Cell walls are made of Chitin DO NOT carry out Photosynthesis Organised into a Mycelium: Thread-like structure called Hyphae, which contains many Nuclei They feed by Extracellular Secretion: Releases digestive enzymes onto food and absorb organic products ( saprotrophic nutrition ) Example: Mucor / Yeast

BACTERIA Unicellular Organisms Lack in Nuclei’s so has circular chromosomes of DNA called Plasmids Has Cell wall, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm SOME can carry out Photosynthesis Feeds by eating living or dead living Organisms Example: Lactobacillus Bulgaricus (Yoghurt Production)

PROCTISTS Microscopic Unicellular Organisms Example: Animals: Amoeba                            Plants: Chlorella

VIRSUS Small Particles ( smaller than Bacteria ) Parasitic: can only reproduce in living Organisms They only reproduce infect every type of living Organisms They have a wide variety of shapes and sizes No Cellular structure Has protein coat Contains one type of Nucleic Acid ( RNA or DNA ) Example: Tobacco Mosaic Virus / HIV                          Plants: Chlorella

2.1: Describe the levels of Organisation within Organisms: Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs and Systems

LEVELS OF ORGANISATION:

LEVEL	DESCRIPTION
ORGANELLES	Cell Structures Specialized with a Specific fFunction
CELLS	Basic Functional and Structural Units in a Living Organism
TISSUES	Made from Same Cells carrying out the Same Function
ORGANS	Made from Similar Tissues carrying out the Same Function
SYSTEMS	Made from Organs carrying out Body Function

2.2: Describe Cell Structures, including the Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Chloroplast and Vacuole

CELL STRUCTURE:

CELL STRUCTURE	DESCRIPTION
NUCLEUS	Membrane Organelle that contains Genetic Material
CYTOPLASM	Material within a Living Cell, Excluding the Nucleus
CELL MEMBRANE	Semi-Partially Permeable Membrane surrounding Cytoplasm of Cell
CELL WALL	A Membrane of the Cell that forms external to the Cell Membrane which is made from Cellulose
CHLOROPLAST	Plastid in Green Plant cells, which contains Chlorophyll
VACUOLE	Space in the Cytoplasm of a Cell, contains fluid

2.4: Compare Structures of Plant and Animal cells

STRUCTURE OF PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL:

PLANT CELL	ANIMAL CELL
Fixed Shape	No Fixed Shape
Large Vacuole	Little or no Vacuole
Cell Wall	No Cell Wall
Contains Chloroplasts (can conduct Photosynthesis)	Does not contain Chloroplasts (No Photosynthesis)

2.3: Describe the Functions of the Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Chloroplast and Vacuole

FUNCTION:

CELL STRUCTURE	FUNCTION
NUCLEUS	Contains Genetic Material
CYTOPLASM	Where Chemical Reactions take place, Keeps Organelles in place and fills the Cell
CELL MEMBRANE	Controls what Substances goes in and out of the Cell
CELL WALL	Holds the Cellular Structure
CHLOROPLAST	Allows Photosynthesis to take place
VACUOLE	Holds Fluid and Cellular Waste