Diagram:
STRUCTURE OF THE LEAF:
STRUCTURE
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DESCRIPTION
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WAX CUTICLE
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Protective layer on top of the Leaf, Prevents Water from Evaporating
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UPPER EPIDERMIS
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Thin and Transparent to allow Light to Enter Palisade Mesophyll
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PALISADE MESOPHYLL
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Tightly Packed with Chloroplasts to Absorb More Light, Maximising Photosynthesis
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SPONGY MESOPHYLL
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Contains Internal Air Spaces that Increases the Surface Area to Volume Ratio for the Diffusion of Gases (Mainly Carbon Dioxide)
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LOWER EPIDERMIS
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Contains Guard Cells and Stomata
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GUARD CELL
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Absorbs and Loses Water to Open and Close the Stomata to Allow Carbon Dioxide to Diffuse in, Oxygen to Diffuse Out
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STOMATA
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Where Gas Exchange takes place, Opens during the Day, Closes during the Night
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ADAPTATIONS FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Conversion of Light Energy from the Sun into Chemical Energy by Chlorophyll such as Glucose, which is then stored as Starch
FEATURE
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ADAPTATION
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LARGE SURFACE AREA (LEAF)
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Increases Surface Area for the Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide and Absorption of Light for Photosynthesis
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THIN
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Allows Carbon Dioxide to Diffuse into Leaf Cells Easily, e.g Chloroplasts
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CHLOROPHYLL
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Absorbs Light Energy and Converts it into Chemical Energy such as Glucose which is the stored as Starch
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NETWORK OF VEINS
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Allows the Transport of Water and Carbohydrates from the Leaves of the Plants for Photosynthesis (Water FOR Photosynthesis, Carbohydrates as a PRODUCT of Photosynthesis)
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STOMATA
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Allows Carbon Dioxide to Diffuse into the Leaf
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EPIDERMIS IS THIN AND TRANSPARENT
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Allows More Light to reach the Palisade Cells
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THIN CUTICLE MADE OF WAX
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To Protect the Leaf without Blocking Sunlight
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PALISADE CELL LAYER AT TOP OF LEAF
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Maximises the Absorption of Light as it is directly underneath Sunlight
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SPONGY LAYER
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Air Spaces allow Carbon Dioxide to Diffuse through the Leaf, Increasing the Surface Area
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PALISADE CELLS CONTAIN MANY CHLOROPLASTS
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Absorbs More Light so Maximises Photosynthesis
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