2.33: Understand that the Process of Respiration Releases Energy in Living Organisms

RESPIRATION: Release of Energy for Cells from Glucose

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TWO TYPES OF RESPIRATION:

• Aerobic Respiration: Breakdown of Glucose to release Energy in the Presence of Oxygen
• Anaerobic Respiration: Breakdown of Glucose to release Energy in the Absence of Oxygen

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REASONS FOR RESPIRATION:

• Growth and Repair
• Movement (Life Processes)
• Control of Body Temperature in Mammals

2.34: Describe the Differences between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

• The Breakdown of Glucose to release Energy in Cells in the Presence of Oxygen to Produce Carbon Dioxide and Water (and Energy)

EQUATION:

Glucose       +       Oxygen       →       Carbon dioxide       +       Water C6H12O6                      6O2                               6CO2                          H2O

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

• The Breakdown of Glucose to release Energy in Cells in the Absence of Oxygen to Produce Lactic Acid in Humans, Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol in Yeast and Plants (And Small Amounts of Energy)

EQUATION FOR ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION (HUMANS):

Glucose       →       Lactic Acid

EQUATION FOR ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION (YEAST AND PLANTS):

Glucose       →       Ethanol      +      Carbon Dioxide

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION:

	AEROBIC	ANAEROBIC
REQUIREMENT	Oxygen	No Oxygen
GLUCOSE BREAKDOWN	Complete	Incomplete
ENERGY PRODUCED	Large Amounts of Energy	Small Amounts of Energy
PRODUCT	Carbon Dioxide and Water	Lactic Acid in Humans, Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol in Yeast and Plants

2.36: Write the Word Equation for Aerobic Respiration in Plants and in Animals

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION: Breakdown of Glucose to release Energy in the Absence of Oxygen

EQUATION FOR ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION (HUMANS):

Glucose       →       Lactic Acid

EQUATION FOR ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION (YEAST AND PLANTS):

Glucose       →       Ethanol      +      Carbon Dioxide

2.35: Write the Word Equation and the Balanced Chemical Symbol Equation for Aerobic Respiration in Living Organisms

AEROBIC RESPIRATION: Breakdown of Glucose to release Energy in the Presence of Oxygen

EQUATION:

Glucose       +       Oxygen       →       Carbon dioxide       +       Water C6H12O6                      6O2                               6CO2                          H2O

2.37: Describe Experiments to Investigate the Evolution of Carbon Dioxide and Heat from Respiring Seeds or Other Suitable Living Organisms

INVESTIGATING EVOLUTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

Using Respiring Organisms to Investigate the Production of Carbon Dioxide

METHOD: Capillary Tube is Connected from the Air (Inlet Pipe) into a Flask of Sodium Hydroxide This Flask is Connected by a Capillary Tube to a Flask of Hydrogen Carbonate Indicator A This Flask is Connected by a Capillary Tube to a Flask of Respiring Organisms (In this Diagram, Worms) This Flask is Connected by a Capillary Tube to a Flask of Hydrogen Carbonate Indicator B Finally, This Flask is Connected by a Capillary Tube to the air as an Exit Pipe

RESULT: As Air Enters the First Capillary Tube, Carbon Dioxide in the Air will be Absorbed by the Sodium Hydroxide, causing the Hydrogen Carbonate Indicator A to turn Red (Atmospheric Level) The Flask of Respiring Organisms will Respire Aerobically, Producing Carbon Dioxide as a Waste Product, causing the Hydrogen Carbonate Indicator B to turn Yellow (High Levels of Carbon Dioxide) This shows the Evolution of Carbon Dioxide in Living Organisms

INVESTIGATING EVOLUTION OF HEAT

Using Thermo Flasks with Germinating and Boiled Seeds

METHOD: Two Thermo Flasks are Set Up, One with Germinating Seeds, Another with Boiled Seeds Thermometer Wrapped in Cotton Wool (Prevents Heat from Escaping) are Added Initial Temperature is Recorded Seeds are Left for a Few Days Final Temperature is Recorded

RESULT: As the Germinating Seeds are Alive, They will be Respiring Aerobically, Producing Energy in the Form of Heat, Causing the Temperature of Thermo Flask to Rise as a Result As the Boiled Seeds have Died, They will Not be Respiring Aerobically, Therefore No Energy is Produced, Causing the Temperature to Remain the Same